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Winner-Take-All Politics
''Winner-Take-All Politics: How Washington Made the Rich Richer—and Turned Its Back on the Middle Class'' is a book by political scientists Jacob S. Hacker and Paul Pierson. In it the authors argue that contrary to conventional wisdom, the dramatic increase in inequality of income in the United States since 1978—the richest 1% gaining 256% after inflation while the income of the lower earning 80% grew only 20%〔''Winner-Take-All Politics'', p.23 Figure 2 based on Congressional Budget Office ("Historical Effective Tax Rates, 1979-2006" )〕—is not the natural/inevitable result of increased competition from globalization, but of the work of political forces.〔''Winner-Take-All Politics: How Washington Made the Rich Richer--and Turned Its Back on the Middle Class'', p.4, 7〕 Those at the very top of the economic ladder have developed and used political muscle to dramatically cut their taxes, deregulate the financial industry, keep corporate governance lax and labor unions hamstrung.〔(Winner-Take-All Politics: Public Policy, Political Organization, and the Precipitous Rise of Top Incomes in the United States
* ) Jacob S. Hacker and Paul Pierson. ''Politics & Society'' 38(2) 152–204 2010 SAGE Publications〕 Instead of a rising tide lifting all boats, the authors write, "yachts are rising, but dinghies are largely staying put" in America, and "there is reason to suspect that the dinghies are staying put in part ''because'' the yachts are rising."〔''Winner-Take-All Politics'', p.20〕
==Themes==
The authors quote a number of luminaries on the dangers of concentrated wealth and its incompatibility with good government — Theodore Roosevelt (p. 80), Louis Brandeis (p. 81-2), Alexis de Tocqueville (p. 77), the 1st-century Greek historian Plutarch (p. 75) (`An imbalance between rich and poor is the oldest and most fatal ailment of all republics`), and even the father of the free market, Adam Smith (who warned of "great inequality" where "civil government" is "instituted for the defence of the rich against the poor") (p. 82).
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